That same year, the text editor UltraEdit also appeared with a modern multi-row tabbed interface. In 1994, BookLink Technologies featured tabbed windows in its InternetWorks browser. Microsoft Word in 1993 used them to simplify submenus. While Boeing Calc already utilized tabbed sheets (as so called wordpads) since at least 1987, Borland's Quattro Pro popularized tabs for spreadsheets in 1992. HyperTIES also supported pie menus for managing windows and browsing hypermedia documents with PostScript applets. It was used to develop an authoring tool for Ben Shneiderman's hypermedia browser HyperTIES (the NeWS workstation version of The Interactive Encyclopedia System), in 1988 at the University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Lab. The NeWS version of UniPress's Gosling Emacs text editor was another early product with multiple tabbed windows in 1988. HyperTIES browser and Gosling Emacs authoring tool with pie menus on the NeWS window systemÄon Hopkins developed and released several versions of tabbed window frames for the NeWS window system as free software, which the window manager applied to all NeWS applications, and enabled users to drag the tabs around to any edge of the window. PC Magazine later wrote that it "has served as a free R&D department for the software business-its bones picked over for a decade by programmers looking for so-called new ideas". ![]() The WordVision DOS word processor for the IBM PC in 1982 was perhaps the first commercially available product with a tabbed interface. Implementations may support range-selecting multiple tabs for moving, closing, and separating them. Tabs may be organizable by changing their order through drag and drop or creating a separate window from an existing tab. Tabs may appear in a horizontal bar or as a vertical list, of which the former takes typically less screen space whereas the latter can show more items at once while still having space for individual titles. Tabs are modeled after traditional card tabs inserted in paper files or card indexes (in keeping with the desktop metaphor). ![]() It is an interface style most commonly associated with web browsers, web applications, text editors, and preference panes, with window managers, especially tiling window managers, being lesser known examples. ![]() In interface design, a tab is a graphical user interface object that allows multiple documents or panels to be contained within a single window, using tabs as a navigational widget for switching between sets of documents. Vertical tabs, to the left, represent languages in which a given spelling occurs, where the selected tab shows the word jam ('already') in Esperanto. Example of a tabbed interface with two sets of tabs: Horizontal tabs, at the top, allow navigation to different pages within the Wiktionary website.
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